history and dates

1914. The American government presented to Oreste Zamor a project of
convention.
This draft convention provided for customs control by the United States. These
the last ones hoped that President Oreste Zamor (8 February 1914 – 27 October
1914), facing difficulties, would bend easily with some
Benefits. The president held them in check. This same project will be presented again on
December 10, 1914 to President Davilmar Theodore, and finally imposed in 1915,
after the landing of the marines.

1799. André Rigaud is declared an outlaw by Commissioner Roume:
The cruelty of Rigaud’s men at Petit-Goâve (8 June 1799) and Léogâne had
raised the indignation of white settlers. Defeated a year later by the troops of
Toussaint Louverture and discredited among his peers, he sailed for France
with Pétion and some of the leaders who had followed him in his adventure.

1801. Toussaint approves the constitutional text of 1801:
And on the 8th, during a solemn ceremony, he proclaims it before the bodies
made up of the colony and the Cape crowd.

1868. The city of Léogâne is occupied by peasants, supporters of Sylvain Salnave:
The peasants entered the city, arrested the military leaders who there
ordered on behalf of the cacos (opponents of Sylvain Salnave’s government)
and sent them to Port-au-Prince under good escort.

1951. Birth of Jean-Claude Duvalier:
President of Haiti from April 22, 1971 to February 7, 1986, succeeding his father, François
Duvalier, who died on 21 April 1971.

1992. Governors Island Accord:
Document prepared by the representatives of the United States, the United Nations, and the OAS in view
to reach a solution to the crisis born of the coup d'état of September 30, 1991, and
signed separately by the president in exile, Jean-Bertrand Aristide, and Lieutenant General Raoul Cédras.
This agreement provided, among other things, for the appointment of a new prime minister by
the president in exile, amnesty to those responsible for the coup of September 30, the
retirement of General Raoul Cédras and finally the return to Haiti of the president
Aristide on October 30, 1993. These terms were never applied given the requirements
coming from both parties

1975. Death of Bishop Carl Edward Peters, smm:
Appointed auxiliary bishop of Les Cayes on October 17, 1966. He was transferred to
new diocese of Jérémie on April 20, 1972. Upon his death, he was replaced by Mons.
Willy Romélus.

1868. Sylvain Salnave declined the title of emperor:
Very loved by the military, despite his exactions and dictatorial tendencies, Sylvain
Salnave was proclaimed emperor by the troops of the garrison of Port-au-Prince. He
declined the title.

1908. A fire destroyed more than a quarter of the capital, Port-au-Prince:
The fire that broke out in a building in ruins at the corner of Rue de la Réunion and Rue des
Casernes did not take long to spread, fanned by a rushing gale, and reached
the arsenal that exploded. 1,200 houses destroyed, more than 10,000 homeless, such was the
assessment of this fire.

1934. Visit of U.S. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt to Cap-Haitien:
The first American president in office to set foot on Haiti’s soil. He signed with the
President Sténio Vincent an approval that would lead to the “virtual” end of
the American occupation in Haiti.

2021. Ariel Henry, a neurosurgeon, is appointed prime minister
By presidential decree, President Jovenel Moïse, who ruled the country in his absence
of a parliament, appointed Ariel Henry as prime minister to replace Claude
Joseph, who held the position on an interim basis after the resignation on April 14, 2021
by Joseph Jouthe. Two days later, the president fell victim to a plot
with international ramifications. A standoff ensued between the prime minister
interim and the one who had just been appointed. Finally, the international side, through
of the CORE Group, decided in favor of Ariel Henry who was installed on July 20.
It was the great debacle.

1861. Demonstration of force by the squadron of Gutiérrez de Rubalcava in the bay
of Port-au-Prince in 1861.
The Spaniards who came, at the call of some Dominicans, to annex the country
neighbor held the Haitian government responsible for taking arms of José
Maria Cabral and sent seven warships to the harbor of Port-au-Prince.
President President Geffrard, who was helping the Dominican patriots and had
protested the annexation, was forced to accept a humiliating commitment and
costly: to stay out of the colony’s business; to refuse any assistance to
Dominican revolutionaries and to pay the sum of $200,000 to Spain as
compensation for the property destroyed in past invasions.
Let us recall that the Spanish had already tried to blackmail the government of
Jean Pierre Boyer.

2005. Massacre at Cité Soleil by MINUSTAH helmets:
Qualified by the UN as a “security operation” (Press Release
PIO/PR/148/2005), this massacre was carried out before dawn by at least four hundred
Peacekeepers mounted forty armored tanks and protected by two helicopters.
Cité Soleil, the largest slum in Port-au-Prince, was described as a repair of
bandits by the Haitian bourgeoisie (gathered within group 184), because the
majority of its inhabitants still remained attached to the Lavalas movement.

2018. Beginning of three days of chaos in Haiti:
Following the announcement of an increase in fuel prices (Gasoline would go from
224 to 309 gourdes, an increase of 38%; the diesel from 179 to 264 gourdes,
is an increase of 47%; and kerosene would be sold at 262 Gourdes for 173
the day before, an increase of 51%), the Haitian population became angry
and manifested violently. Less than 24 hours after the announcement, the government
to withdraw the increase measure and Prime Minister Jack Guy Lafontant and
his government was forced to resign on 14 July.

1800. André Rigaud defeated by the troops of Toussaint:
The hostilities related to the civil war, in which André’s mulatto allies clashed
Rigaud and the troops of Toussaint Louverture had decreased after the debacle
from Rigaud to Jacmel, but the latter had not laid down his arms. In a
clash at the Old Town of Aquin, Rigaud’s troops were again
Defeated. Three weeks later, he lost all hope of winning the
war and had to go into exile.

2001. Appointment of Mgr. Pierre-Antoine Paulo, omi as coadjutor bishop of
Port-de-Paix:
Former provincial superior of the Oblates of Haiti, former president of
the Conference of Religious in Haiti, he was in Colombia in
as a missionary among African-Americans in Cartagena de
Indias at the time of his appointment. He became titular bishop of
diocese after the Holy See accepted the resignation of Mgr.
Mgr. Frantz Colimon, smm on March 1, 2008.

2021. Assassination of President Jovenel Moise:
In the first hour of today, President Jovenel Moise, a
entrepreneur and banana exporter in power since the 7th
February 2017, was murdered at his home by a commando
heavily armed. During the attack, his wife, Martine
Étienne was seriously injured and was transported urgently
first in a hospital in the capital, then in Miami, Florida.
Elected in the presidential elections at the end of 2016, the country has experienced, during
his presidency, a whole series of political and social crises, often embellished
of violent strikes and demonstrations.
He was therefore the third head of state to be assassinated while in power. The other two
were Jean-Jacques Dessalines (17 October 1806) and Vilbrun Guillaume Sam (28
July 1915).

1832. Fire in Port-au-Prince:
At two o'clock in the afternoon, a fire broke out in the home of a merchant living on the street
from Quartier, now on Monseigneur Guilloux Street, and whose house faced
the Grenadier Barracks of the President’s Guard. This fire destroyed seven islets
and more than 300 houses including the Government Printing House and the Chamber of
Accounts.

1926. Death of Sudre Dartiguenave:
President of Haiti in 1915 – 1922 and first president of the American occupation
(1915 – 1934). “He had been chosen... by the American forces, because it seemed
willing to accept all the occupier’s opinions. Moreover, he resorted to force
brute of the Marines to put down any resistance (war against the cacos) and do
to refrain from any protest (martial law, law against the press).”

1988. Attempt by General Henri Namphy to reject in its entirety the
Constitution of 1987.
On the pretext that the 1987 Constitution does not meet the aspirations of the people
because it was drafted with emotion in a climate of passion, General Henri
Namphy, who returned to power following the coup against President Leslie
Manigat, then decides to cancel it. This decision followed a series of
protest across the country. On the following September 17, the general and his
the strictly military government was dismissed by soldiers from the guard
presidential.

1850. Death of Jean-Pierre Boyer, president of Haiti (1818-1843):
Leaving Haiti for exile on March 13, 1843, he lived seven years in Jamaica living in
a state bordering on embarrassment. When he died, he was 77 years old.

2002. Law on Free Zones:
Contains provisions relating to the labour regime applicable to the operator and
to staff of foreign nationality (applicable labor legislation,
medical service regulations, work permit exemptions, etc.).

1810. Death of General Lamarre at the Môle Saint Nicolas:
A hero of the War of Independence, he distinguished himself during the battle of Léogâne
facing the French general Neterwood. After the assassination of Dessalines, he aligned himself
on the side of the Republicans of the West and the South. Taking advantage of an uprising at Portde-Paix in 1807, he was sent by Pétion to support the insurgents. The troops of
Christophe forced him to flee in July 1807. He then took refuge at the Mole
Saint Nicholas where, for three years, he resisted the assaults of his enemies before
to be carried away by a projectile. His body was buried on the spot and his heart
shipped to Pétion.

2005. Kidnapping of Jacques Roche:
Poet, writer, narrator, and journalist, Paul Roche, better known for his
cultural articles regularly published in the daily newspaper Le Matin and as
as the host of a television program on civil society sponsored by the group
184, was cowardly murdered by his captors, and his body found four days later
after the abduction

1825. Independence of Haiti recognized by France:
This independence was recognized against a fixed interest of 150 million
Francs due on a 5-year maturity. To pay the first installment of this
Idemnity, Boyer had to resort to a mortgage.

1802. Toussaint Louverture arrives in France where he ends his days:
Arrested on June 7, 1802 after being trapped by General Brunet, then acting under
the orders of Leclerc.
Embarked for the Cap des Gonaives three days later, he was boarded from the Cape to
France on the ship Le Héros on the following 15 June. After a 27-day journey, this
last arrived in the harbor of Brest on that day.
The death warrant of the precursor to Haiti’s independence was then issued. 269 days
Later, on April 7, 1803, he passed away at the Fort de Joux, sick and completely isolated.

1918. By decree of the Council of State, Haiti declares war on Germany:
Already on June 17, 1917, the government of Sudre Dartiguenave had broken up the
diplomatic relations with Germany, which, in the context, was equated with
an act of war. However, we must remember that the country was occupied by the
Americans and that this great war, as it was called at the time, was old
4 years old.

1835. Death of Coriolan Ardouin:
Famous Haitian poet and younger brother of Beaubrun and Céligny Ardouin.

2001. Death of Paul Eugène Magloire:
He was the 30th president of Haiti and the 33rd head of state. The governments
Short-lived soldiers were excluded from the count.

1806. Naissace d'Auguste Ignace Nau:
Poet, storyteller, short story writer, and historian, Ignace Nau was one of the pioneers of the
Haitian literature.

1868. Death of Pierre Faubert:
Director of the Lycée from 1938 to 1951, Pierre Faubert, an educator above all, passed to
history as a diplomat for negotiating the final version of the Concordat of
1860.

1960. Clement Barbot, then leader of the new militia, the tontons macoutes, is
stopped:
Upon his release, after 18 months in prison, he launched into a guerrilla without
thank you against the regime he had served. The government forces eventually
to get the better of him on July 14, 1963.

1963. Clément Barbot killed with his two brothers by government forces:
Early Duvalierist and co-creator of the tontons macoutes (VSN),
Clément Barbot, the man he trusted, became a sworn enemy of his protector,
François Duvalier whom he tried to overthrow by launching into an urban guerrilla
against his regime. He was killed by government forces in the company of
two of his brothers.

1993. New York Pact::
Pact between the political forces represented by certain political parties and the
parliamentarians at the United Nations premises in New York. The signatories of this pact
have committed to observe a political truce in order to ensure the return
peaceful of President Aristide.

1876. Election of Boisrond Canal as president:
Appointed for a four-year term by a newly elected National Assembly
elected, Boisrond Canal who replaced Michel Domingue was defeated three years later
by an insurgent gust fueled by Boyer’s supporters
Bazelais, leader of the Liberal Party.

1878. Resignation of Boisrond Canal:
Practicing the policy of “lese grennen” (let it happen), the president general confronted
to all sorts of difficulties during his presidency, which began exactly three years ago
earlier.

1859. Constitutional Act amending the constitution of 1846:
This law ratified the declaration of the Committee of Gonaives, dated the 23rd
December 1858, who had abolished the imperial regime and proclaimed the restoration of
the Republic, bringing into force the Constitution of 1846. Articles 62, 71,
111, 132, 133, 137, 167, 182, 192 and 193 of this Charter were then amended.

1907. Birth of Paul Eugène Magloire:
Born in Quartier Morin, commune of Cap-Haitien in the Northern Department
by Eugène François and Philomène (Matthieu) Magloire... (read more)

1901. Anténor Firmin declared outside the law by the provisional government:
(See: Notables: Anténor Firmin)

1953. Death of Dumarsais Estimated:
President of Haiti, from August 16, 1946 – May 10, 1950. Estimated deceased in New York where he
lived in exile. Magloire had his remains repatriated and held a national funeral for him
and honors worthy of the head of state.

1961. Laying of the first stone of Duvalier-Ville:
To collect funds intended for the construction of this city, never quite
completed, and built on the site of the town of Cabaret, François
Duvalier, chooses his confidant, Luckner Cambronne (24 September
2006 ), then Member of Parliament for Cabaret. He underestimated a vast operation
financial which finally degenerated into a kind of racket, going as far as
to threaten those who refused their contributions or simply showed themselves
Reluctant. Deductions were deducted, without notice, from the checks of all the
state employees.

1795. Treaty of Basel:
By this treaty, Spain ceded to France the eastern part of Santo Domingo. The
French colonization of the entire island is official. However, for reasons
incomprehensible, France showed little interest in this part of the island, and the
Spanish colonists were in no way worried.

1902. Beginning of the civil war between the partisans of Anténor Firmin and those of the
provisional government led by Boisrond Canal:
General Jean-Jumeau, who had made Firmin’s cause his own, took over the leadership
from Port-au-Prince at the head of an army of 2,000 men. Admiral Killick,
accompanies him by sea. The news of Jean-Jumeau’s arrival caused panic at
Port-au-Prince.

1985. Referendum on amendments to the 1983 Constitution:
These amendments modify the form of executive power by creating the position of the
prime minister and by giving the president the right to appoint his successor.
According to the official results published by the Ministry of the Interior then headed by
Roger Lafontant, 99.98% voted in favor of the amendments.

1795. Toussaint Louverture elevated to the rank of brigadier general:
The National Convention recognizing the services rendered by Toussaint raised him to this
Grade. Three mulatters, Villatte, Rigaud, and Louis-Jacques Beauvais, received the same
day the same distinctions.

1939. Amendments to the 1935 Constitution:
14 amendments to the 1935 Constitution were passed. They will be ratified and
promulgated by the National Assembly on the following 8 August.

1987. Massacre of the peasants of Jean-Rabel:
Following a dispute between the countries of Jean-Rabel (Northwest Department
), member of a cooperative to certain large landowners (large gifts),
a massacre perpetrated by allies of the great gifts followed. More than 200 peasants
were killed

1824. Nationalization of the property of the Catholic Church.
Boyer enacted a law declaring all property owned by the State
the Catholic Church. This action was likened to a revenge of the Haitian head of state
against the Archbishop of Santo Domingo, who refused to transfer to Port-au-Prince,
at Boyer’s request.

1911. General Cincinnatus Leconte proclaimed himself "leader of the revolution".
This revolution began at Ouanaminthe on February 2, 1911 by a group of
generals opposing the government of President Antoine Simon. They saw their
number grew when rebels from Ferrier (7 May 1911) made cause
common with them. General Cincinnatus Leconte then took over the leadership of the rebels,
went to Port-au-Prince to be proclaimed president after Antoine
Simon had given up power.

1988. Inauguration of Mgr. François Gayot as Archbishop of Cap-Haitien:
The Diocese of Cap-Haitien having been elevated to the rank of Archdiocese, Mgr. François
Gayot, who led it since 1974, was appointed Archbishop. During the ceremony
of investiture, the new archbishop is imposed on the "pallium" (Canon 355, 437).
The pallium is this strip of white wool adorned with black silk crosses and at
also black ends, symbolizing the sheep that the Good Shepherd wears on his
shoulders. It is a sign of the communion of bishops with the Pope, Successor of
Pierre.

1997. Appointment of Mr. Eric Pierre, representative of Haiti at the InterAmerican Development Bank as Prime Minister:
René Préval wants to replace Rosny Smart, the resigning prime minister (See:
June 9, 1997), appealed to this IDB official. This appointment was rejected on
August 26 by the Chamber of Deputies for procedural reasons.

1915. Attack on the national palace by opponents of President Vilbrun Guillaume
Sam:
Heavily armed, 52 rebels led by Charles de Delva and Ermane Robin,
stormed the national palace. The president ran away and
refugia at the French consulate.
The next day, General Charles Oscar Etienne, chief of police in Port-au-Prince,
had political prisoners held in the national penitentiary massacred, including
the former president of Haiti, Oreste Zamor.
These events became the prelude to one of the most humiliating periods of
our history.

1915. Lynching of Vilbrun Guillaume Sam and Charles Oscar:
A popular revolt broke out following the massacre of prisoners
policies executed by Charles Oscar, chief of police in Port-au-Prince, on the order
of President Vilbrun Guillaume. The two who had sought asylum in
diplomatic missions (Dominican consulate for Oscar and French for Sam). A
popular in fury, went into his legations, snatched them up and then lynched them.
The Americans who had taken position in the port of Cap-Haitien received the order
to urgently go to Port-au-Prince. They landed there the next day and
officially occupied Haiti for 21 years

1813. Death of Léger Félicité Sonthonax:
 “Originally from the department of Ain, lawyer [Sonthonax] became attached to the Girondins and
was associated with Polvérel. His first stay in Saint Domingue lasted nearly two years
(September 1792 to June 1794); he returned there as agent commissioner of the Directory
in April 1796 and was expelled by Toussaint Louverture (22 August 1793). At his
back in France, he sat on the Council of 500. Deported after 18 Brumaire, he did not
was not long in returning to Paris, but soon retired to his [department] where he
died.”

1915. Landing of the American Marines at Port-au-Prince:
The landing was carried out without resistance. The only soldier who dared to challenge the invader
by refusing to leave his post and apparently fired on them was eliminated without
peine.

1942. Creation of the Haitian Coast Guard:
Founded by a decree-law of President Elie Lescot, the Coast Guard had to
mission to monitor and protect the coasts of Haiti. After the adventure of April 24
1970, this corps was renamed "Haitian Navy".

2001. Attack against the National Police of Haiti (PNH):
Attacks on the National Police Academy and police stations
Mirebalais, from Hinche and des Belladères and who, among the police officers, made five (5)
deaths including the administrative director of the Police Academy, Commissioner Jean
Eddy Cantave, and fourteen (14) wounded.

1889. Antoine Simon, military commander of the South, declares himself against the president
François Denys Légitime:
While the legitimate president, elected by the National Assembly on December 16
1888, faced an insurrection in the North, Antoine Simon who commanded
the Department of the South, joined the chorus of discordant voices and put its arm
on the march against the government based in Port-au-Prince. Five days later,
Jacmel entered, for the second time, in rebellion against the president François Denys
Légitime who then decided to abandon everything and take the path of exile.

1939. Ratification of the revised articles of the 1935 Constitution by the Assembly
National:
Ratified by referendum on 2 June 1935, the 1935 Constitution is subject to this
Today, these initial changes. 14 articles were therefore amended. They will have been
promulgated by the National Assembly on the following 8 August.

1958. Attempt to overthrow François Duvalier:
Alix Pasquet, Henri Perpignan, Philippe Dominique coming from Miami and
accompanied by American mercenaries seized the Dessalines Barracks and
ordered Duvalier to resign. They were defeated by forces
faithful to the president. The latter subsequently set July 29 as the date
symbolic of the creation of the National Security Volunteers, the tontons
macoutes.

2024. Dissolution of the High Transitional Council (HTC):
Created on December 31, 2022, as part of a political agreement signed by the minister
de facto Ariel Henry and members of the ruling coalition, this council composed
from Mirlande Hyppolite Manigat (representative of the political parties), from Calixte
Fleuridor of the Protestant Federation (representing civil society), and
Laurent Saint-Cyr (private sector representative was installed on February 6 of the year
next.
The people gave him, from the moment of his installation, scant regard, considering his mission little
credible. He didn’t even pay attention to the latent conflict that existed

1880. Signing in Paris of a contract creating the National Bank of Haiti:
This concession contract establishing the National Bank of Haiti was signed
with the Société générale de crédit industriel et commercial. The new institution
bancaire was a French limited company, with a capital of 10,000,000 francs and
ensured the service of the general treasury. She was initially housed in a house
particular to the good faith of the street.

1893. Episcopal ordination of Bishop Morice.
Bishop Morice was the first Bishop of Les Cayes. He resigned on June 18, 1914.

1811. Formation in the Northern Kingdom of a legislative commission.
Having as secretary the Baron de Vastey, this commission was responsible for
to present bills that were to be discussed in King Henry’s Privy Council
1st. and then to the Grand Council of State.

1993. The UN authorizes the deployment of a multinational force in Haiti:
This authorization paved the way for the invasion of September 19, 1994.