history and dates

📅 1792. Martyrdom of the Blessed Jacques Jules Bonnaud and his companions:
They were sacrificed during the massacres of September 1792 in Paris. He was the first blessed born.
on the soil of Haiti, in Cap-Français in 1741.

📅 1804. Dessalines proclaimed emperor by the general staff and the fourth half-brigade:
According to Madiou, the reasons for such a proclamation are that "the title of governor
general awarded to the citizen Jean-Jacques Dessalines does not fulfill the general wish, since it
assumes a secondary power dependent on a foreign authority.... (History of Haiti book 37, p

📅 1793. The French colonists of Grande Anse signed a treaty of intervention with England:
The settlers who no longer trusted the authorities of the metropolis and who opposed each other
fiercely the rights granted to mulattos demanded England’s protection then in
war with France.
≡🔗 See: 4 April 1792; 17 September 1792; 19 June 1793; 19 September 1793.

📅 1859. Assassination attempt against President Fabre Geffrard
On the evening of that day, instigators visited the neighborhood of the house of Mrs. Blanfort, daughter of the
President Geffrard, to attest to the days of the Head of State, when he would come, as usual, to
his daughter. One of them had the idea of killing his daughter to attract the father who was delayed: through the blind, he
unloaded sontrabouc and boya the head of Mrs. Blanfort. The conspirators, frightened by this blow, took
immediately the escape. The repression did not take long and was very severe.
≡
i Source: Cabon. P.A. Notes on the religious history of Haiti; p.

📅 1918. Charlemagne Péralte’s escape from the prison of Cap-Haïtien:
While the news of his escape spread, Charlemagne took refuge at Street 4 in his
Comrade Gabriel Semonville... who provided him with women’s clothes with which he
disguised to [leave the city]

≡
Dupuy, Charles. "Who killed Charlemagne Péralte" Haiti-Observateur. 4-11 August 1999, pp. 5.

📅 1959. Death of Sténio Vincent:
President of Haiti from 1930 to 1941, Sténio Vincent, a member of the minority elite of Haiti, was before
his accession to the presidency a journalist, a writer, a diplomat, and mayor of Port-au-Prince.
Elected for six years, he managed to remain in power for nearly 11 years. The end of the occupation
American and the massacre of thousands of Haitians in the Dominican Republic took place under his
government.
≡
See also: Profile of Sténio Vincent

📅 1881. Official opening of our first national agricultural and industrial exhibition:
This exhibition, which lasted about three months and cost 64,053 piastres and 39 cents, brought a
large crowd came to admire the few 2,131 objects on display, participate in the big lottery
national, which made 341 winners, and to equestrian races.

📅 1998. Death of Félix Morisseau-Leroy:
Poet and playwright, Félix Morisseau-Leroy was born in Grand Gosier (department of Sud-Est) on the 13th
March 1912. A promoter of the language he enriched through his works, he died in Miami, Florida where
he had made his home on his return from Senegal.
≡🔗 See: Haitian notables and personalities: Félix Morisseau-Leroy

📅 1902. Destruction of the Haitian ship "La Crête à Pierrot" with Admiral Killick on board:
Admiral Killick, who had revolted against the Provisional Government of 1902, stopped a steamer
German who was transporting a shipment of weapons and ammunition sent by the government to
Northern rebels. He was denounced by Port-au-Prince and equated with a sea pirate. Berlin sent
a gunboat, "Le Panthère," which blew up the Haitian ship: "La Crête à Pierrot" with
on board the admiral. The international press congratulated the Germans for their punitive action.

📅 1796. Election in the French Cape of six new deputies including Sonthonax and Lavaux:
These deputies were to represent Saint Domingue in the French Assembly. The first
the convocation of this assembly took place on May 20, 1797.

📅 1808. Meeting of the troops of Pétion and Christophe:
The split between the North and the West was becoming a fait accompli, but each party tried to
to convince the other by force of arms.
The army of Pétion (West) going to Saint Marc to besiege the city met, on the habitation
Couyau, the troops of Christophe (Nord). These were dispersed. Pétion managed to
besieged the city on 24 October and the siege lasted until mid-November.
≡🔗 See: 1 January 1807; 8 January 1807

📅 1902. The mutilated and charred body of Admiral Killick is found:
He was given a grandiose funeral despite the refusal of the priest of the city of Gonaives to give him
l'absoute. The latter likened his gesture to an act of suicide.
≡🔗 See: 6 September 1902)

📅 1941. François-Joseph Person, until then coadjutor bishop of Les Cayes, became the ordinary of the
diocese:
Born on November 20, 1895 in Plouider, France, appointed bishop on June 26, 1937, he replaced Mgr.
Jules-Victor-Marie Pichon who resigned from his position on 1 September of the same year.
≡
See also: Catholic Church of Haiti: Bishops departed

📅 2001. Law Prohibiting Corporal Punishment of Children:
Defines the expression "inhuman treatment" and the scope of application of the law.
the adoption of a code of conduct that respects the dignity of the child as well as the implementation of a
the disciplinary commission responsible for its application.

📅 1791: Concordat between the whites of the National Guard of Port-au-Prince and the free mulattos:
In this document signed at the Croix des Bouquets by the representatives of both parties, following
repeated attacks by the mulattos against the interests of the French colonists, the whites promised
to recognize and respect the rights of citizens of color by promising them not to
to oppose the execution of national decrees that were favorable to them.
The men of color from several parishes in Saint Domingue, inspired by this concordat,
forced the settlers of their region to follow the example of their Western counterparts.
≡🔗 See: November 21, 1791

📅 1988. Massacre at the chapel of St Jean Bosco in Port-au-Prince:
Armed with a red armlet, a commando broke into the chapel of Saint John Bosco in Port-au-Prince, administered by the Salesians of Don Bosco, interrupted a mass then celebrated by the
Father Jean-Bertrand Aristide and massacred faithful assistants at the celebration. The chapel was
then burned.

📅 1993. Assassination of Antoine Izméry:
Businessman known for his political stances and financial support at the
Lavalas movement, he was assassinated in broad daylight in front of the Sacred Heart Church in Turgeau.

📅 1905. Death in Cap-Haitien of General Monpoint Jeune:
Born in Cap-Haitien in 1830, Monpoint Jeune enlisted very early in the army and climbed, thanks to his
education and its relations, quickly the rungs in the military hierarchy. Commander
military of Port-au-Prince during the presidency of Boisrond Canal, he was found among the
members of the provisional government of 1989. During the presidencies of Florvil Hyppolite and
de Tirésias Simon Sam, minister of war and the navy.

📅 2003. Demonstration and counter-demonstration in Cap-Haitien:
A demonstration, organized by the opposition parties (in power Lavalas) and groups of the
civil society, which was calling for the resignation of President Aristide, was to take place that day in Cape Haiti (Northern Department).
On the same day and following the same route, supporters of power organized a counterprotest. The clashes between the two groups left about ten people injured in both
camps, and one death on the side of the counter-demonstrators.

📅 1893: Decree of President Hyppolite suspending the municipal council of Port-au-Prince:
A commission responsible for managing the interests of the municipality until the next elections was
then created. It is composed of the citizens Mombrun Elie, Pierre Lafleur and Henri Augustin.

Sources: Collection of laws and acts of the Republic of Haiti from 1887 to 1904.
the author, 1907; p. 750-751; Le moniteur, September 16, 1893]

📅 1994. US President Bill Clinton threatens the Haitian military authorities:
In a televised speech that evening, US President Bill Clinton officially asked the
military authorities, the perpetrators of the coup d’état of September 30, 1991, to withdraw from power. After
having focused on the alarming human rights situation in Haiti, he announced his intention
the United States to use force, if necessary, to end this situation. [See: 19 September
1994].
≡
Text of the speech: «In the Words of the President: The Reasons Why the U.S. May Invade Haiti»
New York Times; September 16, 1994. p. A10.

📅 2018: Jean Henri Céant became the 22nd prime minister of Haiti
Appointed on August 5 by President Jovenel Moise following the resignation on July 14 of
Jack Guy Lafontant, victim of protests (6 to 8 July) against the increase in prices of
the essence. Jean-Henri Céant, the notary, was ratified by both chambers after a marathon of 25
hours in Parliament.
In the Chamber of Deputies, the Prime Minister-designate obtained 105 votes in favor. 10
deputies voted against, and 6 abstained. At the level of the Senate, 

📅 1792. Commissioners Polvelrel, Ailhaud, and Sonthonax arrived at the Cape Town harbour:
These commissioners were responsible for implementing the law of April 4, 1792, which granted
political rights to freedmen and men of color. Black slaves were excluded from the
measure in favor of the men of color. Thus, three days after their landing, these
commissioners formally affirmed before the Colonial Assembly of Saint Dominque their
willingness and that of France to maintain slavery in the colony. Having to face
the violent opposition of whites, they were forced to proclaim the abolition of slavery for a year
after.
Ailhaud, who was unable to adapt to the climate of Saint Domingue, returned to France in October.
1792. He was replaced by Olivier Delpèche.
≡🔗 See: 27 August 1793; 29 August 1793

📅 1988. Coup against General Henri Namphy:
Carried out by soldiers from the Presidential Guard and the army base, this coup d'état led to
following deburring operations in the public administration and an attempt at cleaning
within the army.

📅 1994. Arrival of an American delegation responsible for negotiating with the perpetrators of the coup d'état
September 1991
Composed of former US President Jimmy Carter, the former head of the major states
Americans, General Colin Powell and Georgia Senator Sam Nunn, this delegation had
for the mission of negotiating at the very last minute an honorable exit for the soldiers and the beneficiaries of the coup
State of 30 September 1991, and to facilitate the smooth return of Jean Bertrand Aristide to Haiti.
At this point, an American landing in Haiti was inevitable.

📅 1811. Death of André Rigaud:
Born in Les Cayes on January 17, 1761, Rigaud, at the time of his death, headed the Southern Council, the
government of the Southern Department, which fueled a civil war against the West.

📅 1793. The English troops, at the invitation of the French settlers landed at Jérémie:
The French of Grande Anse frightened by the ever-increasing preponderance of mulattos
from the other parts of the colony of Saint Domingue and taking advantage of their victory over the Legion of Equality
at Pestel (19 June 1793) asked for the protection of England, then at war with France. They
formalized this request on September 3, 1793 in Jamaica. At their landing at Jérémie,
they were greeted with the cries of "Vive le roi Georges".

This act of treason transformed Santo Domingo into one of the theaters of war between France and
England.

📅 1868: Attempt to split the territory by General Nissage Saget:
The latter, opposing the policy of President Sylvain Salnave, founded the Northern State.
North, Northwest and Artibonite were part of this new belligerent state.
Their chief towns (Cap-Haitien, Port-de-Paix and Les Gonaïves) remained faithful to the
central government.
Two days later, another general, Michel Domingue, created his own government in the
South.

📅 1959. Duvalier wants full powers and made the request to parliament:
Six senators opposed this request. They were immediately accused of high crime.
treason and conspiracy against the security of the State and stripped of their Haitian citizenship. Five
of them went into exile. Pastor Yvon Emmanuel Moreau, a member of the grand corps, was arrested
never returned from the regime’s jails.

📅 1994. The Americans re-arrive:
Landing of a first American contingent in Haiti as part of the movement of
restoration of Jean Bertrand Aristide to power.
The latter, elected on 16 December 1990 and sworn in on 7 February 1990, had been overthrown, following
a military coup on September 30, 1991.

📅 1697. First signing of the Treaty of Ryswick:
This peace treaty between France, the United Provinces, England, and Spain to end the
War of the Augsburg League. The island of Haiti, known as Hispaniola, is shared between the
France and Spain. A second signature took place on October 30 of the same year between the
France and the emperor Leopold I.
≡
See also: 30 October 1697

📅 1734. A fire destroyed the city of Cap-Haïtien:
On the night of that fateful day, a fire broke out in the commercial district and lasted
until the early morning of September 21, destroyed half the city, causing losses for several
millions.
The inhabitants (slaves and settlers) competed in courage to save the city, without help.
sailors from the ship "La Charente" commanded by Captain de Vaudreuil and who were
anchor in the harbor.
≡
i Source: Dessalles, Adrien and Dessales, Pierre Régis Régis. General history of the Antilles ...
Paris, France, Libraire-éditeur, 1847-48; p.

📅 1849. Promulgation of the Imperial Constitution (second empire):
This constitution makes President Faustin Soulouque Emperor of Haiti under the name of Faustin I
and the Republic of Haiti, the Haitian empire. It proclaimed the "hereditary imperial dignity in the
direct, natural, and legitimate descent from the Emperor, male by male, in order of
progeny", and the Emperor’s person "inviolable and sacred," which gives a certain
Constitutionality to the nobility subsequently created by Emperor Faustin I...

📅 1811. General Jérôme Maximilien Borgella elected president of the Departmental Council of the South:
General André Rigaud died, "intrigues began for the election of his successor"
(Madiou, Thomas. History of Haiti. Volume V: 1811-1818. Port-au-Prince: Imprimerie Henri
Deschamps, 1988; p. 32). 16 members of the Southern Departmental Assembly met in the
House of the deceased general to elect this successor. General Borgella received 12 votes.

📅 1868: General Michel Domingue founded the Northern State:
With its capital, Les Cayes, this state includes the entire South Peninsula. Less scattered than
the one created by Nissage in the North, it is much better organized with a cabinet and an organ
official "The Voice of the People".
In the firm, we find the following personalities:
. Septimus Rameau: finance and trade

Linstant Pradines: Justice, religion, and public education
. Pierre Momplaisir Pierre: The war
. David Fils-Aimé: Interior and agriculture.

📅 1977. Haiti’s accession to the Inter-American Convention on Human Rights:
Adopted at the Inter-American Specialized Conference on Human Rights in San José, Costa Rica, on 22 November 1969, it did not enter into force until 18 July 1978. Haiti ratified it
more than 21 years later. Here is the text of the hemispheric organization confirming this
ratification:
The President of Haiti [Jean-Claude Duvalier], by the instrument dated September 14, 1977, has
ratified, in accordance with Article 93 of the National Constitution of that State, the American Convention
human rights law, promising to respect it without any violation.”

📅 1793. Solemn proclamation in Port-au-Prince of the Slave Emancipation Act:
An initiative taken by Commissioner Sonthonax in the North, who had asked Polvérel,
his colleague from the West to do the same. He had not shown too much enthusiasm for the idea
and would have preferred a gradual freedom. However, he had to resign himself to following the instructions of
sonthonax after attending the demonstrations of slave discontent in the city of
Saint Mark.

📅 1811. Swearing of the oath of General Jérôme Maximilien Borgella as President of the Council
Departmental of the South:
Elected the day before by the Departmental Assembly of the South, General Borgella took the customary oath
before going to church for a Te Deum and addressing the people ("Speech" in Madiou,
Thomas. History of Haiti. Volume V: 1811-1818. Port-au-Prince: Imprimerie Henri Deschamps, 1988;
pp. 34-35) Borgella will make overtures to Alexandre Pétion with a view to the reunification of the
Department of the West and South.

📅 1883. Day of violence in Port-au-Prince:
A populace loyal to the government of Lysius Solomon, claiming to be revolted by the insurrection
initiated in Miragoâne by members of the Liberal Party of Boyer Bazelais set fire to the neighborhoods
inhabited by the latter and the commercial houses whose managers or owners displayed
a certain sympathy for the Liberals' cause. Violence accompanied by looting took place
chased for two days.
Foreign nationals, rightly or wrongly, called on their diplomatic agents in Haiti to
claim compensation in their name
≡
Sources:
Janvier, Louis Joseph. Les affaires d'Haïti (1883-1884). Second edition. Port-au-Prince: Éditions
Panorama, 1926. —
Price-Mars, Jean-Pierre Boyer Bazelais and the drama of Miragoane. (About a lot
autographs) 1883-1884. Port-au-Prince: State Printing, 1948.
1957. Elections to elect Dr. François Duvalier as president:
Prepared by the

1831. Law establishing the foundation of Pétion-Ville:
The project to make this city, located on the side of the Cup mountains and dedicated to the president
Alexandre Pétion, the capital of Haiti, was never built. For a long time, Pétion-Ville was a
a kind of dormitory town; today, it is imposing itself by becoming a very business center
flourishing.

📅 1887. An earthquake shook the northern region of Haiti, destroying the church at Port-de-Paix:
This earthquake caused damage to all areas of the northern region,
from the Saint Nicolas pier in Fort-Liberté
In a statement published in the Moniteur of October 6, 1887, the president’s government
Solomon reported "cracked" houses at Port-de-Paix, "126 destroyed houses" at Mole
Saint Nicolas, of "losses" at the Limbé and the Grande Rivière du Nord.
≡
i Source: Ganthier, Claudius. Collection of laws and acts of the Republic from 1887 to 1904. Volume 1:
1887-1895. Port-au-Prince: Chez l'Auteur, 1907; p.

📅 1994. First serious incident since the second landing of the Americans in Haiti, on the 19th
September 1994:
Ten Haitians are killed by Marines in Cap-Haïtien. It is claimed that they were armed.

📅 1996. Haiti signs the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
Haiti was one of the first members to sign this treaty adopted at the 50th session of the United Nations, on 10 September 1996 by its resolution A-RES-50-245.

📅 1860. The Concordat is countersigned by the Sovereign Pontiff, Pius IX:
Third project finally approved by both parties (the government of Haiti and the Saint
siege), the Concordat of 1860 was signed respectively by Pierre Faubert and Cardinal Giacomo
Antonelli. President Geffrard countersigned it on May 10, and the Senate ratified it on August 1 of the same
year.
With the signature of the Catholic Pontiff, he officially took office and will not be a leaser.
altered only in 1984 with the revision of Article 4, which until then had granted the president of Haiti the right
exclusive of appointing bishops and archbishops.
≡🔗 See: Full text of the Concordat of 1860.

📅 1962. Birth of Mgr Pierre-André Dumas, bishop of l'Anse à Veau-Miragoâne:
Born in Saint Jean du Sud, in the South Department, Bishop Dumas was ordained a priest on May 26,
1991 and raised to episcopal dignity on December 10, 2002 as auxiliary bishop of Port-au-Prince. He was transferred to the new diocese of Anse à Veau-Miragoâne on 13 July 2008.
≡
See also: CEH and the Bishops of Haiti

📅 1843: A decree of the provisional government led by Hérard closes the ports in the eastern part
of the island:
«This measure was to cause a sharp irritation and a general sourness in the middle of the
Spanish-Haitian population of the eastern part.
≡
i Source: Janvier, Louis Joseph. The Republic of Haiti and its visitors. Volume 2; p.

📅 1991. Speech by President Jean-Bertrand Aristide in praise of the Pè Lebrun
Returning from New York where he had given a speech before the 46th General Assembly, the
President urged his supporters to be vigilant and, if necessary, to use the "instrument", he
referring to "Pè Lebrun".

📅 1493. Christopher Columbus returned from Spain. Second voyage:
Equipped with lofty titles (See: 28 May 1793) and a fleet of 17 vessels, Christopher Columbus
landed back on the island by anchoring near Cap-Haitien. It was then the beginning of a genocide.

📅 1888. General Seïde Thélémaque killed in a bloody scuffle:
Commander of the district of Cap-Haitien and leader of an insurgent movement (5 August
1888), at the origin of President Salomon’s resignation, General Seide Thélémaque had
made it to Port-au-Prince to collect his presidential laurels according to the custom of the time. He had to
however, to confront General François Légitime, who also put himself forward as a candidate. Their supporters
clashed and General Thélémaque lost his life during a bloody skirmish. Legitimate
then became president

📅 1688. Publication of the Code Noir in Léogâne:
Promulgated in March 1685, the Code Noir is a collection of 60 articles written by Colbert. The code
Noir legalizes slavery in the French colonies, regards the slave as a productive asset and
ensures its protection as such.
≡🔗 See: Full text of this infamous document.

📅 1683. Expulsion of the Jews from Santo Domingo:
Louis XIV then bowed before the will of the first members of the Catholic clergy in the
colony that saw the presence of Jews as an obstacle to the flourishing of Catholicism in
Haiti.

📅 1991. Coup against President Jean-Bertrand Aristide:
Protest movement against the government of Jean Bertrand Aristide started by a
unit of the Armed Forces of Haiti on September 29. Later spread to other units, it was
recovered by the military hierarchy. The president will be arrested and expelled. He stayed in a first
time in Venezuela, and later settled in Washington where he organized the resistance
with the loyalty of all Haitian diplomatic missions abroad. A document published on
October 20, 1991 by the Armed Forces spoke of recovery at the "democratic level" for
justify the blow.