1844. Resignation of Rivière Hérard:
The first Haitian understudy head of state, Rivière Hérard, during his presidency,
preferred to leave the management of state affairs to his cousin Hérard Dumesle. He was
overthrown from power by the National Guard of Port-au-Prince who proclaimed the
General Guerrier President of Haiti.
1867. Sylvain Salnave gave himself the title of "Protector of the Republic":
The populace and the popular army assembling in front of the president’s house at
Port-au-Prince acclaimed him president. However, he refused to accept the presidency
in these circumstances and suggested instead the title of "Protector of the
Republic'.